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NetBEUI/NetBIOS

Routing
Does not have routing discovery protocols. Remember this about NetBEUI/NetBIOS: Is it not routable, it was never designed to be routable, it cannot be routed. Having said that, there are ways to route it via a router, usually via tunneling. Click here to review one way of doing this.
Addressing
See Naming.
Interoperability
Very few operating systems run NetBEUI/NetBIOS. However, since those operating systems are produced by Microsoft and IBM, this protocol is readily available. Apple operating systems do not natively support NetBEUI.
Naming
There is very, very little network addressing in NetBEUI/NetBIOS. In NetBEUI, naming and addressing are the same thing. Each workstation is given a unique name (called the NetBIOS name). WINS Proxy Agent is used for non-WINS clients (such as UNIX) to resolve the NetBIOS names of MS clients; one proxy agent per subnet, but no more than two agents per subnet

AppleTalk

Routing
Though not originally designed to be routed over a WAN, this changed in AppleTalk version 2. With the release of version 2, AppleTalk introduced Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP), which is a distance vector protocol similar to RIP, for both IP an IPX.
Addressing
Uses a 24-bit address, of which 16 bits are allotted to the network. Each network segment will receive either one 16-bit network number (supports up to 254 nodes per network) or a range of 16-bit numbers (called “extended AppleTalk” because it can support more than 254 nodes). Each node automatically assigns itself a node address. AppleTalk networks also use areas called zones, which allow a network to be segmented into logical areas.
Interoperability
Only Apple computers come out of the box with AppleTalk installed. Most Windows operating systems can support AppleTalk, but only with additional software support.
Naming
Uses Name Binding Protocol (NBP), which associates a computer’s node name with its network address. This protocol is broadcast-based, so every device broadcasts its name when it logs onto the network.

TCP/IP
IPX/SPX
NetBEUI/NetBIOS
AppleTalk

2.4 Identify the OSI layers at which the following network components operate:

Hubs
Switches
Bridges
Routers
Network Interface Cards

Device	OSI Model Layer
Hubs	Layer 1 (Physical)
Switches	Layer 2 (Data Link)
Bridges	Layer 2 (Data Link)
Routers	Layer 3 (Network)
Network Interface Cards	Layer 1 (Physical)

Please note: the above doesn’t tell the whole story. You should know there are a number of grey areas. For instance, there is such an animal as a “Layer 3 Switch” (see the switch entry for the 1.6 objectives) and some routers work at Layer 4. However, in general, when you think of the above devices, you should automatically associate them with the layers listed in the right column.

2.5 Define the purpose, function, and/or use of the following protocols within TCP/IP:

IP
TCP
UDP
FTP
TFTP
SMTP
HTTP
HTTPS
POP/IMAP4
TELNET
ICMP
ARP
NTP